They were initially encountered by European explorers in Wisconsin in the mid-17th century during the colonial era, and had extended interaction with them during later periods in North America. The Menominee are a Northeastern Woodlands tribe. When the Oneota culture arose in southern Wisconsin between AD 800 and 900, the Menominee shared the forests and waters with them. Historically, the Menominee were known to be a peaceful, friendly and welcoming nation, who had a reputation for getting along with other tribes. The Ojibwe name for the tribe was manoominii, meaning " wild rice people", as they cultivated wild rice as one of their most important food staples. It was adopted by Europeans from the Ojibwe people, another Algonquian tribe whom they encountered first as they moved west and who told them of the Menominee. The name "Menominee" is not their autonym. Their name for themselves is Mamaceqtaw, meaning "the people". They arose where the Menominee River enters Green Bay of Lake Michigan, where the city of Marinette, Wisconsin, has since developed. Their reservation is located 60 miles west of the site of their Creation, according to their tradition. Menominee oral history states that they have always been here and believe they are Kiash Matchitiwuk (kee ahsh mah che te wuck) which is "Ancient Ones". By some accounts, they are descended from the Old Copper Culture people and other indigenous peoples who had been in this area for 10,000 years. They are believed to have been well-settled in that territory for more than 1,000 years. They are one of the historical tribes of present-day upper Michigan and Wisconsin they occupied a territory of about 10 million acres (40,000 km 2) in the period of European colonization. The Menominee are part of the Algonquian language family of North America, made up of several tribes now located around the Great Lakes and many other tribes based along the Atlantic coast. Overview Ball-headed War Club with Spike, Menominee, early 19th century, Brooklyn Museum Their first government under it took over tribal government and administration from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in 1979. They operate under a written constitution establishing an elected government. The tribe regained federal recognition in 1973 in an act of Congress, and re-established its reservation in 1975. Supreme Court determined that the tribe had not lost traditional hunting and fishing rights as a result of termination, as Congress had not clearly ended these in its legislation. The Wisconsin Supreme Court and the United States Court of Claims had drawn opposing conclusions about the effect of the termination on Menominee hunting and fishing rights on their former reservation land. United States (1968), to protect their treaty hunting and fishing rights.
During that period, they brought what has become a landmark case in Indian law to the United States Supreme Court, in Menominee Tribe v. The tribe currently has about 8,700 members.įederal recognition of the tribe was terminated in the 1960s under policy of the time which stressed assimilation.
Their historic territory originally included an estimated 10 million acres (40,000 km 2) in present-day Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Their land base is the Menominee Indian Reservation in Wisconsin. The Menominee ( / m ə ˈ n ɑː m ə ˌ n i/ Menominee: omǣqnomenēwak meaning "Menominee People", also spelled Menomini, derived from the Ojibwe language word for "Wild Rice People" known as Mamaceqtaw, "the people", in the Menominee language) are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans officially known as the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin.
The map's title text, Omaeqnomenew-ahkew, means "Land of the Wild Rice People" in the Menominee language. Catholic, Big Drum, Native American ChurchĬlaims of the Menominee Nation as described in the Treaty of Washington of 1831.
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